Black oxide ma ọ bụ blackening bụ mkpuchi mgbanwe maka ihe ferrous, igwe anaghị agba nchara, ọla kọpa na ọla kọpa dabere alloys, zinc, ọla ntụ ntụ, na ihe na-ere ọlaọcha.[1]A na-eji ya gbakwunye nguzogide corrosion dị nro, maka ọdịdị, yana iwelata ntụgharị ọkụ.[2]Iji nweta oke nguzogide corrosion, a ga-etinyerịrị oxide ojii na mmanụ ma ọ bụ wax.[3]Otu n'ime uru ya karịa mkpuchi ndị ọzọ bụ ntakịrị ihe nrụpụta ya.
1.Ferrous ihe onwunwe
Otu ọkọlọtọ ojii oxide bụ magnetite (Fe3O4), nke na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma n'elu ma na-enye nchebe corrosion ka mma karịa red oxide (nchara) Fe2O3.Ụzọ mmepụta ihe ọgbara ọhụrụ iji mepụta black oxide gụnyere usoro ọkụ na etiti okpomọkụ akọwara n'okpuru.Enwere ike ịmepụta oxide site na usoro electrolytic na anodizing.A kọwara ụzọ ọdịnala n'isiokwu banyere bluing.Ha na-adọrọ mmasị n'akụkọ ihe mere eme, ma bara uru maka ndị na-enwe ntụrụndụ iji mepụta black oxide n'enweghị ihe ọ bụla na-enweghị obere kemịkal na-egbu egbu.
Obere okpomọkụ oxide, nke a kọwakwara n'okpuru ebe a, abụghị mkpuchi ntughari - usoro okpomọkụ adịghị oxidize ígwè, ma na-etinye ihe mejupụtara ọla kọpa selenium.
1.1 oxide ojii na-ekpo ọkụ
A na-eji baths na-ekpo ọkụ nke sodium hydroxide, nitrates, na nitrites na 141 Celsius C (286 ° F) mee ka elu nke ihe ghọọ magnetite (Fe3O4).A ghaghị ịgbakwunye mmiri mgbe ụfọdụ na bat ahụ, na-eji njikwa kwesịrị ekwesị iji gbochie mgbawa uzuoku.
Ojiji na-ekpo ọkụ gụnyere itinye akụkụ ahụ n'ime tankị dị iche iche.The workpiece na-na-na-na-na-na-na-na-na-na-na-akpaghị aka akụkụ ebu maka njem n'etiti tankị.Ndị tankị ndị a nwere, n'usoro, alkaline Cleaner, mmiri, caustic soda na 140.5 °C (284.9 °F) (ihe na-agbaji ojii), na n'ikpeazụ ihe mkpuchi, nke na-abụkarị mmanụ.Soda caustic na okpomọkụ dị elu na-eme ka Fe3O4 (oji oxide) na-etolite n'elu igwe kama Fe2O3 (oxide red; nchara).Ọ bụ ezie na ọ dị oke anụ ahụ karịa oxide na-acha uhie uhie, oxide ojii ọhụrụ ahụ na-agbaze, ya mere a na-etinye mmanụ na akụkụ ahụ ọkụ, nke na-ekpuchi ya site na "ịmikpu" n'ime ya.Nchikota na-egbochi corrosion nke workpiece.Enwere ọtụtụ uru nke ịcha ojii, ọkachasị:
Enwere ike ịme blackening na nnukwu batches (dị mma maka obere akụkụ).
Enweghị mmetụta ọ bụla dị ịrịba ama (usoro ịcha ojii na-emepụta oyi akwa ihe dịka 1 µm).
Ọ dị ọnụ ala karịa usoro nchebe corrosion, dị ka agba na electroplating.
Nkọwapụta kacha ochie na nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka oxide ojii na-ekpo ọkụ bụ MIL-DTL-13924, nke na-ekpuchi klaasị anọ nke usoro maka ihe dị iche iche.Nkọwa ndị ọzọ gụnyere AMS 2485, ASTM D769 na ISO 11408.
Nke a bụ usoro eji agbaji ụdọ waya maka ngwa ihe nkiri na mmetụta ofufe.
1.2 oxide ojii na etiti okpomọkụ
Dị ka oxide ojii na-ekpo ọkụ, oxide ojii na-adị n'etiti okpomọkụ na-agbanwe elu igwe ahụ ka ọ bụrụ magnetite (Fe3O4).Otú ọ dị, n'etiti okpomọkụ oxide ojii na-agba ojii na okpomọkụ nke 90-120 °C (194-248 °F), dị obere karịa oxide ojii.Nke a bara uru n'ihi na ọ dị n'okpuru ebe ihe ngwọta na-esi esi esi, nke pụtara na ọ dịghị uzuoku na-akpata.
Ebe ọ bụ na oxide ojii dị n'etiti okpomoku kacha tụnyere oxide ojii na-ekpo ọkụ, ọ nwekwara ike izute nkọwa ndị agha MIL-DTL-13924, yana AMS 2485.
1.3 Oyi ojii oxide
A na-etinye oxide ojii oyi, nke a makwaara dị ka ụlọ okpomọkụ ojii oxide, na okpomọkụ nke 20–30 Celsius (68-86 Celsius F).Ọ bụghị ihe mkpuchi ngbanwe oxide, kama ọ bụ ngwakọta selenium ọla kọpa echekwara.Oyi ojii oxide na-enye arụpụta ihe dị elu ma dịkwa mma maka ịgbaji n'ime ụlọ.Ihe mkpuchi a na-emepụta agba yiri nke ahụ ntụgharị oxide na-eme, mana ọ na-eme ka ọ dị mfe ma na-enye obere nkwụsị nke abrasion.Ntinye mmanụ, wax, ma ọ bụ lacquer na-eweta nguzogide corrosion ruo nha nke na-ekpo ọkụ na etiti okpomọkụ.Otu ngwa maka usoro oxide ojii oyi ga-abụ na ngwá ọrụ na imecha ihe owuwu na ígwè (patina maka ígwè).A makwaara ya dị ka oyi bluing.
2. Ọla kọpa
Ngosipụta pụrụ iche nke cupric oxide.svg
Black oxide maka ọla kọpa, mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ aha ahia Ebonol C, na-atụgharị elu ọla kọpa ka ọ bụrụ cupric oxide.Maka usoro na-arụ ọrụ elu ga-enwe ma ọ dịkarịa ala 65% ọla kọpa;maka elu ọla kọpa nke nwere ihe na-erughị 90% ọla kọpa ọ ga-ebu ụzọ mee ya site na ọgwụgwọ na-arụ ọrụ.Ihe mkpuchi nke emechara bụ nke na-adịgide adịgide na nke ukwuu.Ọ kwụsiri ike ruo 400 °F (204 Celsius C);n'elu okpomọkụ a mkpuchi na-ebelata n'ihi oxidation nke isi ọla kọpa.Iji mee ka nguzogide corrosion dịkwuo elu, elu ahụ nwere ike ịbụ mmanụ, lacquered, ma ọ bụ waks.A na-ejikwa ya dị ka ọgwụgwọ mbụ maka eserese ma ọ bụ enamelling.Ngwunye elu na-abụkarị satin, mana enwere ike ịtụgharị ya na-egbuke egbuke site na mkpuchi na enamel dị elu doro anya.
N'elu ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke dendrites na-etolite n'elu imecha, nke na-ejide ìhè ma na-abawanye absorptivity.N'ihi ihe onwunwe a, a na-eji mkpuchi ahụ eme ihe na mbara igwe, microscope na ngwa anya ndị ọzọ iji belata ntụgharị ọkụ.
N'ime bọọdụ sekit ndị e biri ebi (PCBs), iji ojii oxide na-enye mmachi nke ọma maka eriri fiberglass laminate.A na-etinye PCB n'ime bat nwere hydroxide, hypochlorite, na cuprate, nke na-agwụcha n'ime ihe atọ niile.Nke a na-egosi na oxide ọla kọpa ojii na-abịa site na cuprate na akụkụ ya na sekit ọla kọpa PCB.N'okpuru nyocha microscopic, ọ dịghị akwa ọla kọpa (I) oxide.
Nkọwa ndị agha US dabara adaba bụ MIL-F-495E.
3. Igwe anaghị agba nchara
Oksayde ojii na-ekpo ọkụ maka igwe anaghị agba nchara bụ ngwakọta nke nnu caustic, oxidizing na sọlfọ.Ọ na-agbaji usoro 300 na 400 na oke mmiri ozuzo siri ike 17-4 PH igwe anaghị agba nchara.Enwere ike iji ihe ngwọta mee ihe na nkedo ígwè na obere carbon ígwè.Ngwucha a rụpụtara kwekọrọ na nkọwapụta ndị agha MIL-DTL-13924D Klas 4 ma na-enye nguzogide abrasion.A na-eji njedebe oji oxide eme ihe na ngwa ịwa ahụ na gburugburu ọkụ dị ọkụ iji belata ike ọgwụgwụ anya.
Ime ụlọ-okpomọkụ ojii maka igwe anaghị agba nchara na-apụta site na mmeghachi omume auto-catalytic nke ọla kọpa-selenide na-edobe n'elu igwe anaghị agba nchara.Ọ na-enye obere nguzogide abrasion na otu nchebe corrosion dị ka usoro ịgba oji na-ekpo ọkụ.Otu ngwa maka ime ụlọ-okpomọkụ ojii bụ na arụcha ụlọ (patina maka igwe anaghị agba nchara).
4. Zinc
Black oxide maka zinc bụkwa aha ahia aha ya bụ Ebonol Z. Ngwaahịa ọzọ bụ Ultra-Blak 460, nke na-agbaji zinc-plated na galvanized na-ebupụta na-ejighi chrome na zinc die-casts.
Oge nzipu: Nov-23-2021