Prototyping ngwa ngwa

Igwe ihe nlere ngwa ngwa na-eji nhọrọ laser sintering (SLS)

Iberibe ụdịdị 3D
Prototyping ngwa ngwa bụ otu usoro eji emepụta ngwa ngwa ihe atụ nke akụkụ anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ mgbakọ site na iji data atọ enyemaka kọmputa (CAD).A na-arụkarị akụkụ ma ọ bụ mgbakọ site na iji mbipụta 3D ma ọ bụ teknụzụ "mmepụta oyi akwa mgbakwunye".

Ụzọ mbụ maka prototyping ngwa ngwa bịara dị n'etiti 1980s ma jiri ya mepụta ụdị na akụkụ prototype.Taa, a na-eji ha eme ihe maka ngwa dịgasị iche iche ma jiri ya na-emepụta akụkụ ndị dị mma na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ntakịrị ma ọ bụrụ na achọrọ ya na-enweghị ụdị akụ na ụba na-adịghị mma na-adịghị mma.Akụ na ụba a akwalitela ụlọ ọrụ ọrụ ịntanetị.Nnyocha akụkọ ihe mere eme nke teknụzụ RP na-amalite site na mkparịta ụka nke usoro mmepụta simulacra nke ndị na-akpụ ihe na narị afọ nke 19 ji.Ụfọdụ ndị na-akpụ ihe n'oge a na-eji nkà na ụzụ ụmụ na-emepụta ihe ngosi na ihe dị iche iche.Ikike imepụtagharị atụmatụ sitere na dataset ewepụtala okwu gbasara ikike, ebe ọ na-ekwe omume ugbu a itinye data volumetric site na onyonyo nwere otu akụkụ.

Dị ka ọ dị na ụzọ mwepu nke CNC, kọmpụta na-enyere aka imewe - kọmpụta na-emepụta CAD-CAM na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na usoro ngwa ngwa ọdịnala na-amalite site na ịmepụta data geometric, ma ọ bụ dị ka ihe siri ike 3D site na iji ebe ọrụ CAD, ma ọ bụ 2D mpekere na-eji a ngwaọrụ nyocha.Maka imepụta ngwa ngwa, data a ga-anọchi anya ụdị geometric bara uru;ya bụ, onye ókèala ya na-etinye oke oke, enweghị oghere na-ekpughe ihe dị n'ime, ma ghara ịghaghachi azụ n'onwe ya.N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, ihe ahụ ga-enwerịrị "n'ime".Ihe nlereanya ahụ bara uru ma ọ bụrụ na isi ihe ọ bụla na oghere 3D kọmputa nwere ike ikpebi n'ụzọ pụrụ iche ma ebe ahụ dị n'ime, na, ma ọ bụ n'èzí ókèala nke ihe nlereanya ahụ.CAD post-processors ga-eji ụdị geometric dị n'ime CAD dị n'ime ndị na-ere ngwa (dịka ọmụmaatụ, B-splines) nwere ụdị mgbakọ na mwepụ dị mfe, nke n'aka nke ya na-egosipụta n'ụdị data akọwapụtara nke bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na mmepụta ihe mgbakwunye: usoro faịlụ STL, ọkọlọtọ de facto maka ibufe ụdị geometric siri ike na igwe SFF.

Iji nweta usoro nchịkwa ngagharị dị mkpa iji chụpụ SFF n'ezie, ngwa ngwa prototyping, mbipụta 3D ma ọ bụ usoro nrụpụta ihe, a na-ekekarị ụdị geometric a kwadebere n'ọkwa, a na-enyochakwa mpekere ndị ahụ n'ime ahịrị (na-emepụta ihe osise 2D) iji mepụta. trajectory dị ka ọ dị na ụzọ ngwá ọrụ CNC), na-eṅomi n'ịgbanwe usoro ụlọ anụ ahụ oyi-na-oyi.

1. Mpaghara ngwa
A na-etinyekwa prototyping ngwa ngwa na injinịa sọftụwia iji nwalee ụdị azụmaahịa ọhụrụ na ihe owuwu ngwa dị ka Aerospace, Automotive, Ọrụ ego, mmepe ngwaahịa na nlekọta ahụike.Nhazi ikuku na otu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na-adabere na prototyping iji mepụta usoro AM ọhụrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.Iji SLA ha nwere ike mee ngwa ngwa ọtụtụ ụdị ọrụ ha n'ime ụbọchị ole na ole wee malite ịnwale ngwa ngwa.Prototyping ngwa ngwa na-enye ndị na-emepụta ihe / ndị nrụpụta ohere ịnye echiche ziri ezi maka otu ngwaahịa emechara ga-esi pụta tupu itinye oge na ego buru ibu n'ime ihe ngosi ahụ.A na-eji mbipụta 3D maka Prototyping ngwa ngwa na-enye ohere maka mbipụta 3D ụlọ ọrụ na-eme.Site na nke a, ị nwere ike nweta nnukwu ebu ka a na-ebupụ akụkụ ahụ ngwa ngwa n'ime obere oge.

2. Akụkọ ihe mere eme
N'afọ ndị 1970, Joseph Henry Condon na ndị ọzọ nọ na Bell Labs mepụtara Unix Circuit Design System (UCDS), na-arụ ọrụ siri ike na nke na-ezighị ezi nke iji aka na-atụgharị ihe osise iji chepụta bọọdụ sekit maka ebumnuche nyocha na mmepe.

Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1980, a manyere ndị na-eme amụma US na ndị na-ahụ maka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ka ha rịba ama na ikike America nwere n'ọrụ n'ichepụta ngwa igwe kwụsịrị, n'ihe akpọrọ ọgba aghara igwe.Ọtụtụ ọrụ chọrọ igbochi usoro ndị a na mpaghara CNC CAM, nke malitere na US.Ka oge na-aga, mgbe Rapid Prototyping Systems kwapụrụ n'ụlọ nyocha ka a na-ere ahịa, a ghọtara na mmepe adịlarị mba ụwa na ụlọ ọrụ nyocha ngwa ngwa US agaghị enwe okomoko nke ịhapụ ụzọ tufuo.National Science Foundation bụ nche anwụ maka National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Ngalaba Ike US, Ngalaba Azụmahịa US NIST, Ngalaba Nchebe US, Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), na Office nke Nnyocha ụgbọ mmiri chịkọtara ọmụmụ iji gwa ndị na-eme atụmatụ atụmatụ na nzụkọ ha.Otu akụkọ dị otú ahụ bụ 1997 Rapid Prototyping in Europe and Japan Panel Report nke Joseph J. Beaman onye guzobere DTM Corporation nyere nkọwa akụkọ ihe mere eme:

Mgbọrọgwụ nke nkà na ụzụ prototyping ngwa ngwa nwere ike ịdepụta na omume na topography na foto.N'ime TOPOGRAPHY Blanther (1892) tụrụ aro ka a na-eme ka akpụ akpụ maka akwụkwọ enyemaka ewelitere maapụ topographical. Usoro ahụ gụnyere igbutu ahịrị contour n'usoro efere nke etinyeziri.Matsubara (1974) nke Mitsubishi tụpụtara usoro ihe onyonyo nke nwere resin foto na-eme ka fotopolymer na-eme ka ọ dị mkpa ka ọ bụrụ akwa akwa akwakọbara iji mee ihe nkedo.PHOTOSCULPTURE bụ usoro e mere na narị afọ nke 19 iji mepụta kpọmkwem ụdị ihe dị n'akụkụ atọ.Onye ama ama Francois Willeme (1860) debere igwefoto 24 n'usoro okirikiri wee sere ihe n'otu oge.A na-eji silhouette nke foto ọ bụla kpụọ oyiri.Morioka (1935, 1944) mepụtara ihe osise foto ngwakọ na usoro topographic site na iji ìhè ahaziri ahazi iji mepụta ahịrị ihe nlegharị anya nke ihe.Enwere ike ịmepụta ahịrị ndị ahụ ka ọ bụrụ mpempe akwụkwọ ma bee ma chịkọta ya, ma ọ bụ tụba ya na ngwaahịa ngwaahịa maka ịkpụ.Usoro Munz (1956) wepụtaghachi onyonyo akụkụ atọ nke ihe site na ịhọrọ ikpughe, oyi akwa site na oyi akwa, emulsion foto na piston na-eweda ala.Mgbe edozichara, cylinder transperent siri ike nwere ihe oyiyi nke ihe ahụ.

— Joseph J. Beaman
"Mmalite nke Prototyping ngwa ngwa - RP sitere na ụlọ ọrụ CAD na-eto eto, karịsịa, akụkụ siri ike nke CAD.Tupu ihe ngosi siri ike ewebata na ngwụcha afọ 1980, e kere ụdị akụkụ atọ nwere okpokolo agba na elu waya.Mana ọ bụghị ruo mgbe mmepe nke ezigbo nlegharị anya siri ike nwere ike ịmepụta usoro ọhụrụ dị ka RP.Charles Hull, onye nyere aka chọta 3D Systems na 1986, mepụtara usoro RP mbụ.Usoro a, nke a na-akpọ stereolithography, na-ewu ihe site n'ịgwọ ọkwa dị mkpa n'usoro nke ụfọdụ resins ultraviolet na-enwe mmetụta nke mmiri ọkụ na laser dị obere.Site na iwebata RP, ụdị siri ike CAD nwere ike ibi ndụ na mberede. "

Teknụzụ ndị a na-akpọ dị ka Solid Freeform Fabrication bụ ihe anyị ghọtara taa dị ka ngwa ngwa prototyping, mbipụta 3D ma ọ bụ nrụpụta ihe mgbakwunye: Swainson (1977), Schwerzel (1984) rụrụ ọrụ na polymerization nke polymer fotosensitivity na nrute nke ogwe laser abụọ na-achịkwa kọmputa.Ciraud (1972) tụlere ndọta magnetostatic ma ọ bụ eletrọstatic nwere oghere eletrọn, laser ma ọ bụ plasma maka mkpuchi elu nke sintered.Atụpụtara ihe ndị a niile mana amabeghị ma arụrụ igwe na-arụ ọrụ.Hideo Kodama nke Nagoya Municipal Industrial Research Institute bụ onye mbụ bipụtara akụkọ banyere ihe nlereanya siri ike ekepụtara site na iji ngwa ngwa prototyping photopolymer (1981).Ihe mbụ 3D ngwa ngwa prototyping usoro dabere na Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) mere n'April 1992 site Stratasys mana patent ewepụtaghị ruo June 9, 1992. Sanders Prototype, Inc webatara desktọpụ mbụ inkjet 3D Printer (3DP) site na iji ngwa. mepụtara site na August 4,1992 (Helinski), Modelmaker 6Pro na mbubreyo 1993 na mgbe ahụ ibu ulo oru 3D ngwa nbipute, Modelmaker 2, na 1997. Z-Corp iji MIT 3DP ntụ ntụ adịgide maka Direct Shell Casting (DSP) chepụtara 1993 e ẹkenam ka. ahịa ahụ na 1995. Ọbụna n'oge mmalite ahụ, a na-ahụ nkà na ụzụ dị ka ebe a na-emepụta ihe.Mkpebi dị ala, mmepụta ike dị ala nwere uru na nkwenye imewe, ime ịkpụzi, jigs mmepụta na mpaghara ndị ọzọ.Mpụta na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu iji nweta nkọwapụta dị elu.Sanders Prototype, Inc. (Solidscape) malitere dị ka onye nrụpụta ngwa ngwa Prototyping 3D na-emepụta ihe na Modelmaker 6Pro maka ịchụ àjà Thermoplas tic ụkpụrụ nke CAD ụdị na-eji Drop-On-Demand (DOD) inkjet otu nozzle technology.

A na-achọgharị ihe ọhụrụ mgbe niile, iji meziwanye ọsọ ọsọ na ikike ịnagide ngwa mmepụta ọtụtụ.Mmepe dị egwu nke RP na-ekekọrịta na mpaghara CNC metụtara bụ freeware mepere emepe nke ngwa dị elu nke mebere ngwa ọrụ CAD-CAM dum.Nke a emepụtala obodo nke ndị na-emepụta ngwaọrụ res dị ala.Ndị na-anụ ọkụ n'obi ewepụtala ụzọ n'ichepụta ngwaọrụ laser nwere mmetụta na-achọsi ike karị

Ndepụta izizi nke Usoro RP ma ọ bụ Teknụzụ nrụpụta nke e bipụtara na 1993 bụ Marshall Burns dere wee kọwaa usoro ọ bụla nke ọma.Ọ na-akpọkwa ụfọdụ teknụzụ ndị bụbu ụzọ nye aha dị na ndepụta dị n'okpuru.Ọmụmaatụ: Visual Impact Corporation rụpụtara naanị ihe nbipute prototype maka ntinye wax wee nye ikike patent ahụ na Sanders Prototype, Inc kama.BPM ji otu inkjet na ihe ndị ahụ.